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Bacterial pathogen isolation and percentage of antimicrobial resistance, out-patient setting, 2021

Bacterial pathogen isolation and percentage of antimicrobial resistance, out-patient setting, 2021

The presented figures refer to specimens received during the designated month.

Throat swab specimens
Organism Drugs Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Beta-haemolytic streptococcus of Lancefield Group A, C & G Penicillin 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0% - - - - - -
Erythromycin 50% 100% 0% - 100% 0% - - - - - -
No. of isolates 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 

Sputum specimens
Organism Drugs /
Resistance phenotype		 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin 33% 0% 0% - 33% 0% 0% 50% - 0% 0% 100%
Erythromycin 67% 100% 33% - 100% 75% 100% 100% - 50% 100% 100%
Levofloxacin 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0% 0%
No. of isolates 3 1 3 0 3 4 1 2 0 2 2 2
Haemophilus influenzae Ampicillin 62% 36% 50% 67% 58% 47% 50% 36% 60% 33% 44% 67%
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 23% 14% 0% 27% 13% 20% 17% 21% 13% 11% 0% 33%
No. of isolates 13 14 16 15 24 15 12 14 15 9 18 12
Moraxella catarrhalis BL+ 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% - 100% 100% 100% 67%
No. of isolates 7 4 2 4 6 3 1 0 1 2 4 3

 

Urine specimens
Organism Drugs /
Resistance phenotype		 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Escherichia coli Ampicillin 67% 67% 58% 63% 65% 64% 62% 65% 64% 63% 65% 63%
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 6% 7% 5% 5% 6% 5% 6% 4% 7% 6% 6% 5%
Nitrofurantoin 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1%
Co-trimoxazole 31% 30% 28% 30% 29% 30% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 31%
Levofloxacin# 33% 31% 31% 38% 34% 37% 36% 36% 38% 37% 37% 39%
ESBL+ 14 18% 16% 17% 16% 20% 14% 16% 20% 16% 18% 18%
No. of isolates 581 528 772 617 663 612 611 672 686 572 683 553
Klebsiella pneumoniae complex^ Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 6% 9% 7% 4% 9% 8% 8% 11% 15% 11% 9% 9%
Nitrofurantoin 27% 26% 37% 37% 24% 25% 24% 32% 38% 40% 32% 28%
Co-trimoxazole 9% 8% 16% 15% 13% 17% 20% 18% 24% 18% 15% 17%
Levofloxacin# 12% 6% 14% 12% 11% 8% 13% 16% 20% 12% 13% 10%
ESBL+ 9% 8% 9% 12% 9% 5% 8% 14% 13% 14% 10% 7%
No. of isolates 89 86 116 112 127 132 120 146 143 126 127 105
Proteus mirabilis^^ Ampicillin 32% 33% 36% 48% 37% 42% 44% 32% 41% 27% 41% 54%
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 12% 10% 9% 8% 8% 11% 16% 9% 14% 10% 13% 25%
Co-trimoxazole 36% 37% 24% 42% 36% 44% 50% 46% 43% 37% 33% 49%
Levofloxacin# 11% 16% 18% 20% 22% 26% 28% 18% 11% 9% 22% 28%
No. of isolates 73 63 66 60 83 62 68 56 74 70 88 69

 

Enteric specimens
Organism Drugs Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Campylobacter spp. Erythromycin - 50% 38% 33% 38% 25% 33% 0% 67% 0% 50% -
No. of isolates 0 2 8 3 8 4 3 1 3 1 2 0
Salmonella spp. Ampicillin 0% 100% 0% 83% 63% 69% 67% 80% 44% 60% 33% 0%
Co-trimoxazole 0% 0% 0% 17% 25% 31% 33% 0% 0% 20% 33% 100%
Ciprofloxacin 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
No. of isolates 2 1 5 6 8 13 6 5 9 5 3 1
Shigella spp. Ampicillin - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ciprofloxacin# - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. of isolates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vibrio spp. Tetracycline 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% -
No. of isolates 2 2 3 4 3 9 5 4 6 6 1 0

 

Soft tissue specimens
Organism Drugs Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Staphylococcus aureus Oxacillin
[MRSA]		 34% 26% 30% 42% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 11% 28% 26%
No. of isolates 88 73 101 64 74 82 63 67 75 47 80 61

 

Abbreviations:
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
BL+ = beta-lactamse positive
ESBL+ = extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive

^ Klebsiella pneumoniae complex is 100% resistant to ampicillin.
^^Proteus mirabilis is 100% resistant to nitrofurantoin.
#Updated breakpoint according to CLSI document M100 29th edition was implemented from April 2019 onwards.